Diseases

Ochronosis

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Ochronosis is a syndrome caused by the accumulation of homogentisic acid in connective tissues. It was first described by rudolf virchow in 1865. The condition was named after the yellowish (ocher-like) discoloration of the tissue seen on microscopic examination.

SYMPTOMS

Ochronosis revealing a perioral bluish black macular eruption after hydroquinone use. Periorbital Discoloration due to excessive use of topical bleaching preparations containing hydroquinone.

CAUSES

There are two types of ochronosis: endogenous and exogenous. The endogenous variety is an autosomal recessive disease, that is caused by a lack of homogentisate oxidase enzyme. Exogenous ochronosis is an avoidable dermatitis, that can be caused by the topical application of compounds such as hydroquinone or phenols.